Australia is home to some of the most dangerous animals, including snakes. According to Australia Zoo, all of the world’s top ten most venomous snakes can be found in the country. One species stands out as particularly deadly: the Inland Taipan.
Known for its incredibly potent venom, the Inland Taipan, also known as the “fierce snake” or “small-scaled snake,” is the most venomous snake in the world. This article will explore the terrifying yet fascinating facts about the Inland Taipan, providing insights into its venom, appearance, habitat, and what to do if you encounter or are bitten by this deadly reptile.
How Dangerous is the Venom of the Inland Taipan?
Inland Taipan is the most potent venom of any land snake in the world. Studies say a single snake bite from an Inland Taipan is enough to kill 100 men! It is 50 times more deadly than the venom of an Indian Cobra.
Venom Component
The venom of the Inland Taipan is composed of toxins, primarily neurotoxins, hemotoxins, myotoxins, and nephrotoxins.
Effects on the Body
These substances work together to cause devastating effects on the victim’s body. The neurotoxins target the nervous system, leading to paralysis, while the hemotoxins disrupt blood clotting, causing internal bleeding. Myotoxins attack muscle tissue, and nephrotoxins can lead to kidney failure. This combination makes the venom extremely deadly, capable of killing a human within an hour if untreated.
What is the Origin of the Inland Taipan’s Name?
The scientific name of the Inland Taipan is Oxyuranus microlepidotus. The genus Oxyuranus comes from the Greek words ‘oxis,’ meaning sharp, and ‘oura,’ meaning tail. The species name microlepidotus is derived from the Greek words ‘micros,’ meaning small, and ‘lepis,’ meaning scale. Therefore, the scientific name translates to ‘small-scaled sharp-tail.’ The Inland Taipan is also commonly known as the Fierce Snake, the Small-scaled Snake, or the Western Taipan.
What Does an Inland Taipan Look Like?
Physical Appearance
- Relatively long and slender, typically 1.8 to 2.5 meters in length
- Smooth-scaled depending on the season
-Cooler months – darker brown to help with the heat absorption
-Warmer months – Brownish-yellow to reflect sunlight and to avoid overheating - Shorter fixed fangs
Difference to Other Taipan Specie
Currently, there are three species of Taipans: the Inland Taipan, Coastal Taipan, and Central Ranges Taipan. Although the Inland Taipan is closely related to the Coastal Taipan, several distinct differences set them apart. The Coastal Taipan is typically more extensive, reaching lengths up to 3 meters, and has a lighter, more uniform colouration. The Coastal Taipan inhabits coastal and tropical regions, while the Inland Taipan is found in arid, inland areas. Central Ranges Taipan is the most recently discovered Taipan species, and further research is required. Behaviorally, the Inland Taipan is more reclusive and less likely to come into contact with humans, which contributes to the low number of bites reported each year.
What Should You Do When You See an Inland Taipan?
Danger to Australians
Encounters with the Inland Taipan are rare due to its remote habitat and elusive nature. The snake avoids human contact and is quick to retreat if threatened. Most documented sightings are by researchers or people living in highly remote areas. However, given its deadly venom, knowing how to react is crucial if you ever encounter one.
Safety Precaution
If you see an Inland Taipan, remain calm and do not approach it. Maintain a safe distance, as the snake can strike quickly if threatened. Do not attempt to capture or kill the snake; slowly back away and leave the area. Inform local wildlife authorities about the sighting so they can monitor the situation if necessary. Always wear protective clothing and sturdy boots when hiking in areas where venomous snakes might be present.
Where is the Inland Taipan Found in Australia?
Geographic Range
The Inland Taipan is found in the remote areas of Queensland and northwest South Australia. They live in the harsh outback environment.
Environmental Preferences
The Inland Taipan prefers habitats with deep, cracking clay soils, which provide burrowing opportunities. These environments offer ample hiding spots and are home to the small mammals that make up the snake’s primary diet – rats. The snake is often found in natural crevices, animal burrows, and under rocks, where it can escape the extreme temperatures of its habitat. It is predominantly a ground-dweller but can sometimes be seen climbing shrubs or small trees.
What should you do if an Inland Taipan bites you?
Healthdirect, Australia’s online health information service, considers any snake bite an emergency. It advises preparing for CPR, following the DRSABCD action plan, applying a pressure immobilisation bandage, and administering adrenaline if necessary. So, if an Inland Taipan bites you, having first aid skills and a well-equipped kit on hand could be life-saving.
Perform DRSABCD
The following DRSABCD is one of the basic first-aid responses to any snake bite, including Inland Taipan.
- Danger – ensure that the casualty and everyone else is safe from any risk
- Response – check if the casualty can respond by asking their name or squeezing their shoulder
- Send for help – call 000 if there is no response
- Airway – check if there is something that is blocking the casualty’s mouth and throat
- Breathing – check if the casualty is breathing normally
- CPR – start performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation if a casualty is not breathing normally
- Defibrillation – use an automated external defibrillator to help with the CPR if there is one available
First aid training equips you to perform all these steps correctly in real-life situations.
Apply a Pressure Immobilisation Bandage
This first-aid treatment involves several steps:
- Place a bandage over the bite area.
- Use a heavy crepe bandage to immobilize the entire limb.
- Splint the limb on both sides of the bite, including the joints.
- Mark the bite site on the bandage.
- Keep the casualty at rest while waiting for an ambulance.
Pressure immobilisation bandages can be purchased individually at pharmacies or as part of a snake bite first aid kit.
Inject Adrenaline
According to Healthdirect, while it is rare for a bitten person to experience a severe allergic reaction, it is still possible. This allergic reaction can lead to anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis), and here are some of its signs and symptoms:
- Difficulty or noisy breathing
- Hoarse voice
- Swelling of the tongue
- Dizziness or collapse
- In children, paleness may occur
- Wheezing or persistent cough
The anaphylaxis and ASCIA allergy action plans may include administering an adrenaline injection. First aid training for anaphylaxis provides additional details about this response.
CPR
Sometimes, a person bitten by a snake, including Inland Taipan, may need cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A free online course is available on the website of CPR First Aid (RTO NO 21903). But if you prefer in-depth, hands-on training, the same provider offers in-person training in multiple centres in Australia.
Importance of First Aid Course for Snake Bites and Where Can You Learn It?
Given the potential for venomous snake encounters in Australia, it is highly recommended that you undertake a first aid course. CPR First Aid (RTO NO 21903) offers online courses on its website and in-person training at its training centres throughout Australia.
Such training can provide the knowledge and skills to respond effectively to snake bites and other emergencies.
Conclusion
Although human encounters with the Inland Taipan are rare, understanding its behaviour, habitat, and the appropriate response to its bite can significantly decrease the chance of death and injuries. Whether you are an adventurer exploring the outback or residing near its habitat, awareness and preparedness make all the difference.