Low blood pressure, also called hypotension, happens when the force of blood pushing against artery walls drops below normal levels. While some people naturally have lower readings without problems, blood pressure that falls below 90/60 mmHg can become dangerous and requires attention.
What is Hypotension?
Hypotension is the medical term for low blood pressure. Normally, blood pressure keeps enough blood flowing to organs like the brain, heart, and kidneys. When it drops too low, these organs may not get enough oxygen and nutrients.
There are different types, including:
- Orthostatic (postural) hypotension – when blood pressure drops after standing up.
- Severe acute hypotension – sudden, sharp drops often linked to shock or medical emergencies.
Causes of Dangerously Low BP
Several conditions and factors can cause dangerously low blood pressure:
- Dehydration is not enough fluid, which lowers blood volume.
- Heart problems such as arrhythmias, heart failure, or heart valve disease.
- Sepsis or severe infection can lead to septic shock.
- Medication side effects, especially from drugs for high blood pressure, depression, or Parkinson’s disease.
Signs & Symptoms to Watch For
Recognising low BP symptoms early is important. Warning signs include:
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Fainting (syncope)
- Blurred vision
- Nausea
- Fatigue or weakness
- Confusion, especially in older adults
When Just Low BP vs. Dangerous Low BP
- Just low BP: If you feel fine, a slightly lower reading may simply be your normal.
- Dangerously low BP: If readings fall below 90/60 mmHg and you feel faint, confused, or weak, it can be life-threatening and needs urgent care.
First Aid Steps for Dangerously Low BP
If someone shows signs of dangerously low blood pressure:
- Lay them down flat and elevate their legs to improve blood flow to the brain.
- Loosen tight clothing to help circulation.
- Keep them hydrated if they are conscious and able to swallow.
- Monitor their breathing and responsiveness.
- The important skill to have is CPR training, be prepared to perform CPR if they stop breathing.
When to Seek Medical Help
Call emergency services if:
- The person faints and does not quickly recover.
- There are chest pains, a rapid or irregular heartbeat.
- Signs of shock appear (cold, clammy skin, rapid breathing, confusion).
- Blood pressure continues to fall despite first aid.
These are danger signs of low BP that need immediate medical attention.
FAQs
Is a reading of 110/60 considered low blood pressure?
Not usually. For many healthy adults, 110/60 mmHg is considered safe. It becomes a concern only if accompanied by symptoms such as dizziness or fainting.
What first aid should I do?
Lay the person down, elevate their legs, and keep them comfortable. If they don’t improve or lose consciousness, call emergency services and start CPR if trained.